感恩节的由来和习俗(中英文版)

　　[中文版]

　　感恩节是美国国定假日中最地道，最美国式的节日，而且它和早期美国历史最为密切相关。

　　1620年，一些朝圣者（或称为清教徒）乘坐  "  五月花  "  号船去美国寻求宗教自由。他们在海上颠簸折腾了两个月之后，终于在酷寒的十一月里，在现在的马萨诸塞州的普里茅斯登陆。

　　在第一个冬天，半数以上的移民都死于饥饿和传染病，活下来的人们在第一个春季开始播种。整个夏天他们都热切地盼望着丰收的到来，他们深知自己的生存以及殖民地的存在与否都将取决于即将到来的收成。后来，庄稼获得了意外的丰收，所以大家决定要选一个日子来感谢上帝的恩典。多年以后，美国总统宣布每年十一月的第四个星期四为感恩节。感恩节庆祝活动便定在这一天，直到如今。

　　感恩节庆祝模式许多年来从未改变。丰盛的家宴早在几个月之前就开始着手准备。人们在餐桌上可以吃到苹果，桔子，栗子，胡桃和葡萄，还有葡萄干布丁，碎肉馅饼，各种其它食物以及红莓苔汁和鲜果汁，其中最妙和最吸引人的大菜是烤火鸡和番瓜馅饼，这些菜一直是感恩节中最富于传统意义和最受人喜爱的食品。

　　人人都赞成感恩节大餐必需以烤火鸡为主菜。火鸡在烘烤时要以面包作填料以吸收从中流出来的美味汁液，但烹饪技艺常因家庭和地区的不同而各异，应用什幺填料也就很难求得一致。

　　今天的感恩节是一个不折不扣的国定假日。在这一天，具有各种信仰和各种背景的美国人，共同为他们一年来所受到的上苍的恩典表示感谢，虔诚地祈求上帝继续赐福。

　　[英文版]

　　Thanksgiving Day is the most truly American of the national Holidays in the United States a-n-d is most closely connected with the earliest histo-ry of the country.

　　In 1620, the settlers, o-r Pilgrims, they sailed to America on the May flower, seeking a place where they could have freedom of wo-rship. After a tempestuous two-month voyage they la-n-ded at in icy November, what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.

　　During their first winter, over half of the settlers died of[1] starvation o-r epidemics. Those who survived began sowing in the first spring.

　　All summer long they waited fo-r the harvests with great anxiety, knowing that their lives a-n-d the future existence of the colony depended on the coming harvest. Finally the fields produced a yield rich beyond expectations. a-n-d therefo-re it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lo-rd be fixed[2]. Years later, President of the United States proclaimed the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day every year. The celebration of Thanksgiving Day has been observed on that date until today.

　　The pattern of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years. The big family dinner is planned months ahead. On the dinner table, people will find apples, o-ranges, chestnuts, walnuts a-n-d grapes. There will be plum pudding, mince pie, other varieties of food a-n-d cranberry juice a-n-d squash. The best a-n-d most attractive among them are roast turkey a-n-d pumpkin pie. They have been the most traditional a-n-d favo-rite food on Thanksgiving Day throughout the years.

　　Everyone agrees the dinner must be built around roast turkey stuffed with a bread dressing[3] to abso-rb the tasty juices as it roasts. But as cooking varies with families a-n-d with the regions where one lives, it is not easy to get a consensus on[4] the precise kind of stuffing fo-r the royal bird.

　　Thanksgiving today is, in every sense, a national annual holiday on which Americans of all faiths a-n-d backgrounds join in to express their thanks fo-r the year' s bounty a-n-d reverently ask fo-r continued[5] blessings.

　　-----------------------

　　[英文注释]

　　1. died of：死于…… 当死于身体内部原因的，die后面要接介词of，如：饥饿（starvation），（www.7lizhi.com 祝福短信）悲伤（sadness）等；当死于外因时则要用die from，比如死于受伤（wound）.

　　2. it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lo-rd be fixed： decide可是个让你省事儿的好词了。它后面如果接从句，往往接虚拟语气。所以看见decide后面的从句，你就可以大胆地用动词（should）+  "  原形  "    "  啦！

　　3. dressing：调味品，填料。这里的dressing可不是穿的呀，a bread dressing可不是  "  面包衣服  "  ！和bread在一起，dressing自然就是吃的啦！它是  "  调味品  "  的意思，  "  穿  "  在食物的身上了.

　　4. consensus on：就……达成一致。注：consensus后面的介词要用on，而不用about。

　　5. continued：继续的。这里的continued看似动词continue的过去式，但它却是有自己的含义的，它是形容词  "  继续的  "  意思。这样continued blessings就是上帝  "  继续的赐福  "  了